转载来自CSDN:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_31152023/article/details/114002374

将Ubuntu18.04的原始镜像源更换为阿里镜像源或清华镜像源:

1、编辑配置文件,将原始内容删除或者注释掉:
编辑之前可以对原始文件进行备份,使用如下命令:

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

编辑文件,命令如下:

vim /etc/apt/sources.list

2、将下面内容粘贴进去(以下是阿里的镜像源)

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

如果要更换为清华的镜像源,则进入网址,选择Ubuntu对应版本的镜像内容:

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/ 

阿里镜像源网址如下:

https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b11WMFViZ

注意:一定要选择与你的Ubuntu版本对应的镜像,我这里是18.04版本
3、更新源

apt-get update

常见相关命令

sudo apt-get update  更新源
 
sudo apt-get install package 安装包
 
sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
 
sudo apt-cache search package 搜索软件包
 
sudo apt-cache show package  获取包的相关信息,如说明、大小、版本等
 
sudo apt-get install package --reinstall   重新安装包
 
sudo apt-get -f install   修复安装
 
sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包,包括配置文件等
 
sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
 
sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
 
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
 
sudo apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包
 
sudo apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖
 
sudo apt-get source package  下载该包的源代码
 
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
 
sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖